The word jewellery itself is derived from the word jewel, which was anglicised from the Old French " jouel", and beyond that, to the Latin word " jocale", meaning plaything. In modern European culture the amount worn by adult males is relatively low compared with other cultures and other periods in European culture. Jewellery has been made to adorn nearly every body part, from hairpins to toe rings, and even genital jewellery. In most cultures jewellery can be understood as a status symbol, for its material properties, its patterns, or for meaningful symbols. Gemstones and similar materials such as amber and coral, precious metals, beads, and shells have been widely used, and enamel has often been important. Jewellery may be made from a wide range of materials. The basic forms of jewellery vary between cultures but are often extremely long-lived in European cultures the most common forms of jewellery listed above have persisted since ancient times, while other forms such as adornments for the nose or ankle, important in other cultures, are much less common. Jewellery is one of the oldest types of archaeological artefact – with 100,000-year-old beads made from Nassarius shells thought to be the oldest known jewellery. For many centuries metal such as gold often combined with gemstones, has been the normal material for jewellery, but other materials such as glass, shells and other plant materials may be used. From a western perspective, the term is restricted to durable ornaments, excluding flowers for example. Jewellery may be attached to the body or the clothes. Jewellery ( Commonwealth English) or jewelry ( American English) consists of decorative items worn for personal adornment, such as brooches, rings, necklaces, earrings, pendants, bracelets, and cufflinks. Various examples of jewellery throughout history
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